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Cached copy until 3:55:05 PM

Tuesday, August 19, 2008

  • WikiDirectory2:29 PM [] Anon - 53 changes - 7454 hits

    Wiki Website Directory

    We now know that our galaxy is only one of some hundred thousand million that can be seen using modern telescopes, each galaxy itself containing some hundred thousand million stars. - Steven Hawkins, A Brief History Of Time Visit our Quick Wiki Tutorial...

Monday, August 11, 2008

  • Wikilist8:47 AM [] infocomms - 4 changes - 4658 hits

    Information and Communications @ MMU

Tuesday, August 05, 2008

  • TestPage4:32 PM [] Anon - 18 changes - 1484 hits

    A Test Page

    [Workflow]Create?

Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Monday, July 21, 2008

  • Quick Wiki Tutorial7:47 AM [thanks] Anon - 4 changes - 1375 hits

    Quick Hivewiki Wiki Formatting Tutorial

    From Garnet's 30 Second Quick Wiki Tutorial

    How Do I Create My First Wiki Page?

Monday, June 23, 2008

  • Diary1:23 PM [] Anon - 89 changes - 1002 hits

    • TODO:
      • Get mybiblecenter.com online as wiki
        • Develop paypal links to the colporteur books

  • Hitech Brain Drain1:04 PM [] Anon - 1 changes - 34 hits

    Brain Drain from Hi-tech Companies

    Google denies brain drain - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7389179.stm
    • Google has denied there is a brain drain of talent at the firm following the departure of Elliot Schrage, its head of global communications and public affairs, to social network Facebook.

Friday, June 20, 2008

Monday, June 16, 2008

  • Humor9:34 AM [] Anon - 2 changes - 26 hits

    Heard on the radio during a discussion of the new California approval of gay marriage licenses:

    • *Q:* How do you know you are at a gay BBQ?
      • *A:* All the weiners taste like crap.

  • NewUsersGuide9:31 AM [] ailittle - 1 changes - 44 hits

    test

Thursday, June 12, 2008

Sunday, May 18, 2008

Thursday, May 15, 2008

  • Biological Sciences7:28 AM [] Anon - 1 changes - 53 hits

    Subjects: Biological Sciences

  • Google identifying malware sites7:17 AM [] Anon - 1 changes - 48 hits

    Found a site with this notation in google: Abortion - Part 1 On January 22, 1973, the greatest slaughter of ... This site may harm your computer.

    • (It is a common practice not to use anesthesia on newborns) According to Medical World News, June 8, 1973 pg. 21 When Dr. Peter Adams, a researcher on the ...

  • Investigate - Human brains surviving outside the body7:01 AM [] Anon - 1 changes - 45 hits

    Investigation needs: Human brains surviving outside the body

    The story Science Magazine for August, 1965 reported the triumph of Drs. Laphom and Marksbery who, after repeated failures of various kinds, finally succeeded in keeping human fetus brains alive for many months, and as long as five months. This was done through a complicated process known as "explant." The brain is carefully taken from the living human being (while it is alive—otherwise the brain would die at the same time). Then the baby is permitted to die, and the brain is placed in a special fluid and "fed" and observed.

Monday, May 12, 2008

  • Exploding Cactus Full Of Spider Or Tarantula Eggs4:09 PM [] Anon - 2 changes - 133 hits

    Exploding Cactus Full Of Spider Or Tarantula Eggs

    The story: Email warns that certain kinds of cacti can harbour large tarantula spiders that will be explosively released from the plants when they reach maturity

    Commentary

  • Texas Cops Enter Polygamist Sect's Temple12:53 PM [] Anon - 8 changes - 181 hits

    2008-04-06 - Cops Enter Polygamist Sect's Temple Posted: 1 hour ago Filed Under: Nation News

Thursday, May 08, 2008

  • List of elements4:48 PM [] Anon - 2 changes - 56 hits

    Actinium Aluminium Americium

  • External links of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[External links of oxygen]]] Anon - 5 changes - 56 hits

    External links of oxygen

  • See also of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[See also of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 77 hits

    See also of oxygen

  • Precautions of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Precautions of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 84 hits

    Precautions of oxygen

  • Applications of oxygen - Scientific11:17 AM [Factored from [[Applications of oxygen - Scientific]]] Anon - 5 changes - 68 hits

    Applications of oxygen - Scientific

    Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). Seawater molecules that contain the lighter isotope, oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water molecules containing the 12% heavier oxygen-18; this disparity increases at lower temperatures. (Emsley 2001, p.304) During periods of lower global temperatures, snow and rain from that evaporated water tends to be higher in oxygen-16, and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells than they would in a warmer climate. Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples that are up to several hundreds of thousands of years old. Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, but were long unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in the Sun, believed to be the same as those of the primordial solar nebula. However, analysis of a Silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth. The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth. (

  • History of oxygen - Lavoisier's contribution11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen - Lavoisier's contribution]]] Anon - 5 changes - 66 hits

    History of oxygen - Lavoisier's contribution

    What Lavoisier did indisputably do (although this was disputed at the time) was to conduct the first adequate quantitative experiments on oxidation and give the first correct explanation of how combustion works. He used these and similar experiments, all started in 1774, to discredit the phlogiston theory and to prove that the substance discovered by Priestley and Scheele was a chemical element. In one experiment, Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in weight when Tin and air were heated in a closed container. He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the Tin had increased in weight and that increase was the same as the weight of the air that rushed back in. This and other experiments on combustion were documented in his book Sur la combustion en général, which was published in 1777. In that work, he proved that air is a mixture of two gases; 'vital air', which is essential to combustion and respiration, and azote (Gk. '''' "lifeless"), which did not support either.

  • Biological role of oxygen - Photosynthesis and respiration11:17 AM [Factored from [[Biological role of oxygen - Photosynthesis and respiration]]] Anon - 5 changes - 86 hits

    Biological role of oxygen - Photosynthesis and respiration

    In nature, free Oxygen is produced by the light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis. Green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free Oxygen produced on earth and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. (Fenical 1983, "Marine Plants") A simplified overall formula for photosynthesis is: (Brown 2003, 958)

  • Characteristics of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 108 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen

  • Characteristics of oxygen - Structure11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen - Structure]]] Anon - 8 changes - 97 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen - Structure

    At standard temperature and pressure, Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular formula O2, in which the two Oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other with a spin triplet electron configuration. This bond has a bond order of two, and is often over-simplified in description as a double bond. () Triplet Oxygen is the ground state of the O2 molecule. (

  • Industrial production of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Industrial production of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 104 hits

    Industrial production of oxygen

    Two major methods are employed to produce the 100 million tonnes of O2 extracted from air for industrial uses annually. The most common method is to fractionally-distill liquefied air into its various components, with Nitrogen N2 distilling as a vapor while Oxygen O2 is left as a liquid. The other major method of producing O2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves, which absorbs the Nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O2. Simultaneously, Nitrogen gas is released from the other nitrogen-saturated zeolite bed, by reducing the chamber operating pressure and diverting part of the Oxygen gas from the producer bed through it, in the reverse direction of flow. After a set cycle time the operation of the two beds is interchanged, thereby allowing for a continuous supply of gaseous Oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline. This is known as pressure swing adsorption. Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies (see also the related vacuum swing adsorption). ()

  • History of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 105 hits

    History of oxygen

  • Compounds of oxygen - Oxides and other inorganic compounds11:17 AM [Factored from [[Compounds of oxygen - Oxides and other inorganic compounds]]] Anon - 5 changes - 77 hits

    Compounds of oxygen - Oxides and other inorganic compounds

    Water (H2O) is the oxide of Hydrogen and the most familiar Oxygen compound. Hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to Oxygen in a water molecule but also have an additional attraction (about 23.3 kJ·mol−1 per Hydrogen atom) to an adjacent oxygen atom in a separate molecule. (Maksyutenko et al. 2006) These Hydrogen bonds between water molecules hold them approximately 15% closer than what would be expected in a simple liquid with just Van der Waals forces. ( (#13) ) ( Also, since oxygen has a higher electronegativity than Hydrogen, the charge difference makes it a polar molecule. The interactions between the different dipoles of each molecule cause a net attraction force.)

  • Biological role of oxygen - Build-up in the atmosphere11:17 AM [Factored from [[Biological role of oxygen - Build-up in the atmosphere]]] Anon - 5 changes - 84 hits

    Biological role of oxygen - Build-up in the atmosphere

    Free oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved. Free oxygen first appeared in significant quantities during the Paleoproterozoic era (between 2.5 and 1.6 billion years ago). At first, the oxygen combined with dissolved Iron in the oceans to form banded Iron formations. Free oxygen started to gas out of the oceans 2.7 billion years ago, reaching 10% of its present level around 1.7 billion years ago. (Campbell 2005, 522–23) The presence of large amounts of dissolved and free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere may have driven most of the anaerobic organisms then living to extinction during the oxygen catastrophe about 2.4 billion years ago. However, cellular respiration using O2 enables aerobic organisms to produce much more ATP than anaerobic organisms, helping the former to dominate Earth's biosphere. (Freeman 2005, 214, 586) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration of O2 allowed for the evolution of eukaryotic cells and ultimately complex multicellular organisms such as plants and animals.

  • History of oxygen - Early experiments11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen - Early experiments]]] Anon - 8 changes - 109 hits

    History of oxygen - Early experiments

    One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the second century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica, Philo observed that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck. (Jastrow 1936, 171) Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire and thus were able to escape through pores in the glass. Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration. (Cook & Lauer 1968, p.499.)

  • History of oxygen - Discovery11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen - Discovery]]] Anon - 8 changes - 93 hits

    History of oxygen - Discovery

    Oxygen was first discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He had produced Oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates by about 1772. Scheele called the gas 'fire air' because it was the only known supporter of combustion. He wrote an account of this discovery in a manuscript he titled Treatise on Air and Fire, which he sent to his publisher in 1775. However, that document was not published until 1777. (Emsley 2001, p.300) In the meantime, an experiment was conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley on August 1 1774 focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named 'dephlogisticated air'. (Cook & Lauer 1968, p.500) He noted that candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer while breathing it. After breathing the gas himself, he wrote: "The feeling of it to my lungs was not sensibly different from that of common air, but I fancied that my breast felt peculiarly light and easy for some time afterwards." Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled "An Account of Further Discoveries in Air" which was included in the second volume of his book titled Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air. (Priestley 1775, 384–94) Because he had published his findings first, Priestley is usually given priority in the discovery.

  • Characteristics of oxygen - Physical properties11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen - Physical properties]]] Anon - 8 changes - 68 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen - Physical properties

    Oxygen is more soluble in water than Nitrogen; water contains approximately 1 molecule of O2 for every 2 molecules of N2, compared to an atmospheric ratio of approximately 1:4. The solubility of Oxygen in water is temperature-dependent, and about twice as much (14.6 mg·L−1) dissolves at 0 °C than at 20 °C (7.6 mg·L−1). () At 25 °C and 1 atm of air, freshwater contains about 6.04 milliliters (mL) of Oxygen per liter, whereas seawater contains about 4.95 mL per liter. (Evans & Claiborne 2006, 88) At 5 °C the solubility increases to 9.0 mL (50% more than at 25 °C) per liter for water and 7.2 mL (45% more) per liter for sea water. Oxygen condenses at 90.20 K (−182.95 °C, −297.31 °F), and freezes at 54.36 K (−218.79 °C, −361.82 °F). (Lide 2003, Section 4) Both liquid and solid O2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color caused by absorption in the red (in contrast with the blue color of the sky, which is due to Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-purity liquid O2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air; (

  • Applications of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Applications of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 88 hits

    Applications of oxygen

  • Characteristics of oxygen - Allotropes11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen - Allotropes]]] Anon - 8 changes - 79 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen - Allotropes

    The common allotrope of elemental Oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, . It has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ·mol-1. () This is the form that is used by complex forms of life, such as animals, in cellular respiration (see Biological role) and is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence). Other aspects of are covered in the remainder of this article. Trioxygen (O3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of Oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue. (Stwertka 1998, p.48) Ozone is produced in the upper atmosphere when O2 combines with atomic Oxygen made by the splitting of O2 by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since ozone absorbs strongly in the UV region of the spectrum, it functions as a protective radiation shield for the planet (see ozone layer). Near the earth's surface, however, it is a pollutant formed as a by-product of automobile exhaust. (Stwertka 1998, p.49)

  • Biological role of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Biological role of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 93 hits

    Biological role of oxygen

  • References of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[References of oxygen]]] Anon - 5 changes - 54 hits

    References of oxygen

  • Applications of oxygen - Life support and recreational use11:17 AM [Factored from [[Applications of oxygen - Life support and recreational use]]] Anon - 8 changes - 115 hits

    Applications of oxygen - Life support and recreational use

    A notable application of O2 as a low-pressure breathing gas is in modern space suits, which surround their occupant's body with pressurized air. These devices use nearly pure Oxygen at about one third normal pressure, resulting in a normal blood partial pressure of O2. This trade-off of higher Oxygen concentration for lower pressure is needed to maintain flexible spacesuits. Scuba divers and submariners also rely on artificially-delivered O2, but most often use normal pressure, and/or mixtures of Oxygen and air. Pure or nearly pure O2 use in diving at higher-than-sea-level pressures is usually limited to rebreather, decompression, or emergency treatment use at relatively shallow depths (~ 6 meters depth, or less). Deeper diving requires significant dilution of O2 with other gases, such as Nitrogen or Helium, to help prevent Oxygen toxicity.

  • History of oxygen - Later history11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen - Later history]]] Anon - 5 changes - 67 hits

    History of oxygen - Later history

    John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monoatomic and that the atoms in compounds would normally have the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another. For example, Dalton assumed that water's formula was HO, giving the atomic mass of Oxygen as 8 times that of Hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16. ( (#8) ) In 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of Hydrogen and one volume of Oxygen; and by 1811 Amedeo Avogadro had arrived at the correct interpretation of water's composition, based on what is now called Avogadro's law and the assumption of diatomic elemental molecules. (Roscoe 1883, 38) (However, these results were mostly ignored until 1860. Part of this rejection was due to the belief that atoms of one element would have no chemical affinity towards atoms of the same element, and part was due to apparent exceptions to Avogadro's law that were not explained until later in terms of dissociating molecules.)

  • Compounds of oxygen - Organic compounds and biomolecules11:17 AM [Factored from [[Compounds of oxygen - Organic compounds and biomolecules]]] Anon - 5 changes - 87 hits

    Compounds of oxygen - Organic compounds and biomolecules

    Among the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where "R" is an organic group): alcohols (R-OH); ethers (R-O-R); ketones (R-CO-R); aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids (R-COOH); esters (R-COO-R); acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR2). There are many important organic solvents that contain Oxygen. including: acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid. Acetone ((CH3)2CO) and phenol (C6H5OH) are used as feeder materials in the synthesis of many different substances. Other important organic compounds that contain oxygen are: glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms. Oxygen reacts spontaneously with many organic compounds at or below room temperature in a process called autoxidation. (Cook & Lauer 1968, p.506) Most of the organic compounds that contain oxygen are not made by direct action of O2. Organic compounds important in industry and commerce that are made by direct oxidation of a precursor include ethylene oxide and peracetic acid.

  • Applications of oxygen - Industrial11:17 AM [Factored from [[Applications of oxygen - Industrial]]] Anon - 5 changes - 77 hits

    Applications of oxygen - Industrial

    Smelting of Iron ore into steel consumes 55% of commercially-produced Oxygen. In this process, O2 is injected through a high-pressure lance into molten Iron, which removes Sulfur impurities and excess Carbon as the respective oxides, SO2 and CO2. The reactions are exothermic, so the temperature increases to 1700 °C. Another 25% of commercially-produced oxygen is used by the chemical industry. Ethylene is reacted with O2 to create ethylene oxide, which, in turn, is converted into ethylene glycol; the primary feeder material used to manufacture a host of products, including antifreeze and polyester polymers (the precursors of many plastics and fabrics).

  • Characteristics of oxygen - Isotopes and stellar origin11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen - Isotopes and stellar origin]]] Anon - 5 changes - 66 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen - Isotopes and stellar origin

    Naturally occurring Oxygen is composed of three stable isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O, with 16O being the most abundant (99.762% natural abundance). ( (#7) ) Oxygen isotopes range in mass number from 12 to 28.

  • Precautions of oxygen - Toxicity11:17 AM [Factored from [[Precautions of oxygen - Toxicity]]] Anon - 5 changes - 96 hits

    Precautions of oxygen - Toxicity

    Oxygen gas (O2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems. (Since O2's partial pressure is the fraction of O2 times the total pressure, elevated partial pressures can occur either from high O2 fraction in breathing gas or from high breathing gas pressure, or a combination of both.) (Cook & Lauer 1968, p.511) Oxygen toxicity usually begins to occur at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa), or 2.5 times the normal sea-level O2 partial pressure of about 21 kPa. Therefore, air supplied through Oxygen masks in medical applications is typically composed of 30% O2 by volume (about 30 kPa at standard pressure). At one time, premature babies were placed in incubators containing O2-rich air, but this practice was discontinued after some babies were blinded by it. Breathing pure O2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. (

  • Characteristics of oxygen - Occurrence11:17 AM [Factored from [[Characteristics of oxygen - Occurrence]]] Anon - 5 changes - 68 hits

    Characteristics of oxygen - Occurrence

    Oxygen is the most abundant chemical element, by mass, in our biosphere, air, sea and land. Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after Hydrogen and Helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. Oxygen constitutes 49.2% of the Earth's crust by mass (

  • History of oxygen - Phlogiston theory11:17 AM [Factored from [[History of oxygen - Phlogiston theory]]] Anon - 8 changes - 116 hits

    History of oxygen - Phlogiston theory

    Robert Hooke, Ole Borch, Mikhail Lomonosov, and Pierre Bayen all produced Oxygen in experiments in the 17th century but none of them recognized it as an element. (Emsley 2001, p.299) This may have been in part due to the prevalence of the philosophy of combustion and corrosion called the phlogiston theory, which was then the favored explanation of those processes. Established in 1667 by the German alchemist J. J. Becher, and modified by the chemist Georg Ernst Stahl by 1731, (Morris 2003)

  • Compounds of oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[Compounds of oxygen]]] Anon - 8 changes - 96 hits

    Compounds of oxygen

    The oxidation state of Oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of Oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides. (Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, 28) Compounds containing Oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: −1/2 (superoxides), −1/3 (ozonides), 0 (elemental, hypofluorous acid), +1/2 (dioxygenyl), +1 (dioxygen difluoride), and +2 (oxygen difluoride).

  • Applications of oxygen - Medical11:17 AM [Factored from [[Applications of oxygen - Medical]]] Anon - 8 changes - 126 hits

    Applications of oxygen - Medical

    Uptake of O2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so Oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders, and any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use gaseous Oxygen. (Cook & Lauer 1968, p.510) Treatments are flexible enough to be used in hospitals, the patient's home, or increasingly by portable devices. Oxygen tents were once commonly used in Oxygen supplementation, but have since been replaced mostly by the use of oxygen masks or nasal cannulas. Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff. Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices. Increased O2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace Carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin. Oxygen gas is poisonous to the anaerobic bacteria that cause gas gangrene, so increasing its partial pressure helps kill them. Decompression sickness occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive, resulting in bubbles of inert gas, mostly Nitrogen and Argon, forming in their blood. Increasing the pressure of O2 as soon as possible is part of the treatment.

  • Precautions of oxygen - Combustion and other hazards11:17 AM [Factored from [[Precautions of oxygen - Combustion and other hazards]]] Anon - 5 changes - 71 hits

    Precautions of oxygen - Combustion and other hazards

  • oxygen11:17 AM [Factored from [[oxygen]]] Anon - 20 changes - 298 hits

    :For the music festival, see Oxegen. Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly reactive nonmetallic period 2 element that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with almost all other elements. At standard temperature and pressure two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas with the formula O2. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass after Hydrogen and Helium (Emsley 2001, p.297) and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Oxygen constitutes 88.8% of the mass of water and 20.9% of the volume of air. All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, contain Oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Oxygen in the form of O2 is produced from water by cyanobacteria, algae and plants during photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration for all complex life. Oxygen is toxic to anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago. (
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